Evaluation of sleeping patterns during the pandemic

Background: As the ongoing pandemic has triggered negative psychological effects and these negative effects have a role to play in affecting the quality of sleep, leading to sleep disorders. This demonstrates the need to implement the strategies which would be helpful in preventing and reducing the complications caused due to altered sleeping patterns. Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the alteration in the sleep quality during pandemic. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire-based survey scheduled for a month was conducted in the students, office, and health-care workers. Questionnaire was based on Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). This is a self-rated questionnaire which assesses sleep quality and disturbances over a 1-month time interval. The PSQI differentiates “poor” from “good” sleep by measuring seven components: Subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, use of sleep medication, and daytime dysfunction over the past 4 weeks. Consent was obtained from all participants and participation was voluntary. Results: There was observed a decline in all the seven components of PSQI score, namely, subjective quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, use of sleeping medications, and daytime dysfunction in COVID times as compared to the pre-COVID times. Conclusion: Pandemic has led to the alteration of the sleeping patterns and has led to decline in the sleep quality index.

The effect of sleep quality on academic performance is mediated by Internet use time: DADOS study / O efeito da qualidade do sono no desempenho acadêmico é mediado pelo tempo de uso da internet: estudo DADOS

Abstract Objective: The aims of the present study were to analyze the association of sleep patterns with academic and cognitive performance in adolescents, and to test the potential mediating effect of different activities of screen media usage on this association. Methods: A sample of 269 adolescents (140 boys) aged 14 years from the baseline data of the Deporte, ADOlescencia y Salud study completed questionnaires about sleep quality, cognitive performance, and leisure-time sedentary behaviors. Sleep duration was objectively computed using a wrist-worn GENEActiv accelerometer and academic performance was analyzed through school records. Results: Sleep quality (but not sleep duration) was associated with all the academic performance indicators (all p < 0.05). Analysis of covariance revealed higher grades among adolescents with better sleep quality (PSQI ≤ 5; all p < 0.05). These analyses showed no differences regarding cognitive performance. Internet use time was revealed as a mediator of the association between sleep quality and academic performance, being significant for all academic performance indicators (PM ranging from 15.5% to 16.0%). Conclusions: The association between sleep quality and academic performance in adolescents is mediated by time of Internet use. Overall, reducing Internet use in adolescents could be an achievable intervention for improving sleep quality, with potentially positive effects on academic performance.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a associação dos padrões de sono com o desempenho acadêmico e cognitivo em adolescentes e testar o efeito mediador potencial de diferentes atividades com uso de dispositivos (mídias) com tela nessa associação. Métodos: Uma amostra de 269 adolescentes (140 meninos) de 14 anos, da linha de base do estudo DADOS (Deporte, ADOlescencia y Salud) preencheu uma série de questionários sobre qualidade do sono, desempenho cognitivo e comportamentos sedentários no lazer. A duração do sono foi calculada objetivamente com um acelerômetro de pulso GENEActiv e o desempenho acadêmico foi analisado por meio de registros escolares. Resultados: A qualidade do sono (mas não a duração do sono) foi associada a todos os indicadores de desempenho acadêmico (todos os valores de p < 0,05). A análise de covariância revelou notas mais altas nos adolescentes com melhor qualidade de sono (PSQI ≤ 5; todos os valores de p < 0,05). Essas análises não mostraram diferenças em relação ao desempenho cognitivo. O tempo de uso da Internet revelou-se como um mediador da associação entre qualidade do sono e desempenho acadêmico, foi significativo para todos os indicadores de desempenho acadêmico (PM variou de 15,5% a 16,0%). Conclusões: A associação entre qualidade do sono e desempenho acadêmico em adolescentes é mediada pelo tempo de uso da internet. No geral, reduzir o tempo de uso da internet pelos adolescentes pode ser uma intervenção viável para melhorar a qualidade do sono, com efeitos potencialmente positivos no desempenho acadêmico.

Sleep Patterns and Factors Associated with Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in University Students / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate sleep patterns and predictors of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in university students. METHODS: Participants were 120 university students who were attending two universities in S-city and C-city. Data were collected from May 20 to June 15, 2012 using self-report questionnaires which included Johns' Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Yi's Sleep Quality Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory. Data were digitalized and analyzed using frequency, percentages, means and standard deviations, Wilcoxon rank sum test, Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and multiple logistic regression with SAS 9.0. RESULTS: Mean total sleep time was 6.6 hours on weekdays, 8.1 hours on weekends. Mean sleep latency was 19.1 minutes and the score for mean sleep quality was 22.6. Prevalence of EDS was 12.5%. Depression was significantly different between EDS and Non-EDS students (t=2.17, p=.030). Multiple logistic regression showed that the only factor associated with EDS was depression (adjusted odds ratio of depression=5.33, 95% Confidence Interval=1.49-19.04). CONCLUSION: Results of this study indicate that university students experience short sleep time, low sleep quality, and common EDS with depression, suggesting that students with complaints of EDS should be completely assessed for depression as well as sleep problems.

Prevalence of Sleep Disorder and Associated Factors in Family Practice / 가정의학회지

BACKGROUND: Sleep is an essential restorative physiologic phenomenon. Impaired sleep results in significant negative effect to the health. Symptoms like sleep initiation difficulty, frequent awakening, severe snoring have related to poor sleep quality. We studied frequency and compared the characteristics of common sleep disorders at family practice. METHODS: We surveyed patients over 18 years of age and their guardians who visited 16 familial practices for 6 days. We investigated sleep characteristics, frequency of sleep disorder and associated factors by questionnaires and analyzed by frequency analysis, Spearman's correlation coefficient, multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: We enrolled 1,117 participants. Older participants were more likely to report early sleep onset and off time, short sleep duration. Mean number of awakening during a typical night is 1.69. Female complained difficulties in initiation and maintenance of sleep more than male. A total of 32.5% had these insomnia symptoms and related to hypertension, stroke, stress, arthralgia, depression, urological disorder. 31.1% had excessive daytime sleepiness, related to stress, arthralgia, depression. Loud snoring and gasp for breath showed positive correlation between male, high BMI. Disrupted sleep over 3 times was related to old age, female, diabetes, hypertension, stroke, stress, arthralgia, depression. Restless leg syndrome were high in elderly, high BMI, stress, arthralgia and depression. CONCLUSION: About one in three who visit in primary medical practice have sleep disorder symptoms like insomnia, daytime fatigue, snoring. 3% of them have gasp for breath, 8% have restless leg syndrome.

Transtornos alimentares e padrão circadiano alimentar: uma revisão / Eating disorders and circadian eating pattern: a review

Este artigo tem como objetivo revisar aspectos relacionados a transtornos alimentares e suas relações com as alterações no ritmo circadiano. Realizou-se uma busca sistematizada das informações nas bases de dados PubMed usando os seguintes descritores: eating disorders, circadian rhythm, night eating syndrome, binge eating disorder e sleep patterns. Os transtornos alimentares, como a síndrome do comer noturno e o transtorno da compulsão alimentar periódica, têm sido considerados e relacionados a um atraso no ritmo circadiano da ingestão alimentar e saciedade prejudicada. Os ritmos circadianos são aqueles que apresentam um período de 24 h, como, por exemplo, o ciclo sono-vigília, temperatura corporal, atividade e comportamento alimentar. Distúrbios provocados pelas alterações nos horários de sono/vigília influenciam o apetite, a saciedade e, consequentemente, a ingestão alimentar, o que parece favorecer o aumento desses transtornos. Percebe-se que o comportamento alimentar pode ser influenciado por ritmos circadianos. Porém, mais estudos e o maior conhecimento sobre a ritmicidade alimentar podem contribuir com o melhor entendimento do comportamento alimentar atual, atuando na prevenção e/ou tratamento de transtornos alimentares.

This review aims at reviewing aspects related to eating disorders arising from changes in circadian rhythm. There was a systematic search in PubMed databases, using the following descriptors: eating disorders, circadian rhythm, night eating syndrome, binge eating disorder, and sleep patterns. Eating disorders, such as night eating syndrome and binge eating disorder, have been considered and related to a delay in circadian rhythm in food intake and impaired satiety. Circadian rhythms are those that show a period of 24 h, for example, sleep-wake cycle, body temperature, activity and eating behavior. Disorders related to changes in sleep-wake schedules influence the appetite, satiety and consequently food intake, which seems to increase such disorders. Circadian rhythm can influence eating behavior. However, more studies and knowledge about food rhythmicity might contribute to better understanding the current eating behavior, acting in prevention and/or treatment of eating disorders.